Phoenician, 9th – 8th century B.C.

Glass

D: 2.3 cm (0.9 in)

Serial: 12704

PROVENANCE: Christie’s, New York, 6 December 2000, lot 35.

This scaraboid seal depicts two registers: the upper register with a recumbent, crowned winged sphinx on the body of a crowned uraeus which rears in front of the sphinx and a straight-winged solar-disk as the field divider. The lower register with a bird with outstretched wings above a uraeus, enclosed within a cable border.

The Sphinx originates from Egypt and was transposed into Grecian stories. In Greek mythology, the sphinx has the head of a woman, the body of a lion and wings. She is known to be vicious and devours anyone who fails to answer her riddle. The sphinx’s end came when Oedipus correctly answered the following riddle: “what is it that has one voice, and is four-footed and two-footed and three-footed? An oracle existed for the Thebans to the effect that they would be free of the Sphinx when they guessed her riddle, so they often convened to search for the meaning, but whenever they came up with the wrong answer, she would seize one of them, and eat him up. When many had died, including most recently Kreon's own son Haimon (Haemon), Kreon announced publicly that he would give both the kingdom and the widow of Laios (Laeus) to the man who solved the riddle. Oidipous (Oedipus) heard and solved it, stating that the answer to the Sphinx's question was man. As a baby he crawls on all fours, as an adult he is two-footed, and as he grows old, he gains a third foot in the form of a cane. At this the Sphinx threw herself from the acropolis."

In Egyptian mythology the sphinx is depicted as a man and contrary to the Greeks as a benevolent figure. Both mythologies saw the sphinx as a guardian figure and hence frequently used them outside of temples.